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flat tunnel boats
How should I construct my boat?
I am making a boat and I researched different type of boat hulls. The five that I've seen are flat bottom, round hull, vee hull, tunnel hull, and multi hull. I was wondering how each boat stays stable on water, what are a pro and a con of each type, which hull design is fastest and which hull design is the most stable?
The type of hull you might employ depends on the usage you want to make of it.
Flat- bottomed boats can be used in shallower water, but are not very seaworthy. However as the basis of a very fast boat, they will plane more easily, and ride almost entirely on the surface. They will not naturally lean in in a turn, may skid sideways, even flip if the chine "trips" it up.
The "chine" of a boat is the angle where the bottom of it joins to the sides.
Round hulls are a rough water boat. They will ride softer, but will tend to roll a lot laterally. They are only useable in slow type hulls, like trawlers, slow pleasure craft, yachts. They are deep draft hulls. They cannot be made to plane. They will lean in or out when turning, but it tends to depend on the weight of the superstructure as to which way it leans.
Vee hulls, or "hard chine" hulls, are used for faster boats. Generally, the vee angle will be deeper for boats that venture into rough seas. They are rather hard- riding, especially in the shallower vee designs. They can be made to plane relatively easily. They will lean in when turning.
The tunnel hull is effectively a multi- hull boat, where the centre section will rise from the water at speed. This allows the 2 "pontoons" to be made narrower, thus they can be driven faster due to having to displace less. But the extra buoyancy in the centre section may come into play if a tunnel hull is used in rough water. It will ride softly while fully planing on the pontoons, but will tend to dive into waves, rather than go over them. The extra centre buoyancy made to come into play will bump hard, like a chine boat. The tendency is to corner flat, so some chance of tripping up.
Multi- hulls use generally 3 hulls, each is narrow and as above, may ride soft if driven fast into moderate waves. They are also employed as wide- spread sailing craft, replacing the depth and weight of the keel in single- hull sailing craft. The outer hulls provide the necessary resistance to heeling over. However if tripped over, almost impossible to right without outside assistance.
The materials you choose to build a boat from, will also have a bearing on hull design.
Hard- chine boats can be made of fibreglass, aluminium or plywood.
Round bottoms can be made of timber planks or fibreglass, or plywood cut into planks. Carvel (flush- planked) or clinker (overlapped) construction may be used, or fibreglass can be moulded to resemble either form.
The easiest construction in timber is a plywood V- hull.
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